Coffee. A humble bean that powers the world, one cup at a time. But have you ever wondered about the journey these tiny beans take from being a plant to landing in your cup? Let’s dive in and explore some captivating facts about the coffee plant and its life cycle.
Fact #1: A High-Flying Plant
Did you know that coffee plants prefer high altitudes? They thrive between 600 and 2200 meters above sea level, with different altitudes influencing the flavor profile of the coffee. Higher elevations often result in beans with more acidity and complex flavor characteristics. Altitude affects coffee quality because higher altitudes tend to have better “thermoperiods” resulting in more flavors and aromas.
Fact #2: Caffeine, Nature's Insect Repellant
While humans might cherish caffeine for its invigorating effects, the compound is a natural insecticide for the coffee plant. The caffeine in the leaves and beans of the plant deters pests, ensuring the plant's survival in its natural habitat. Caffeine is the product of evolution, induced by biotic and abiotic stress; the coffee plant developed it as a chemical defense against microbial infection and herbivores, basically a natural pesticide. Robusta has twice the caffeine of arabica because it grows at lower altitude: where there are more such threats.
Fact #3: Two Major Seasons
The life of a coffee plant revolves around two significant periods: the wet season and the dry season. During the wet season, the plant focuses on growth and developing new leaves, while the dry season triggers the blooming of fragrant, white flowers
Fact #4: The Slow Developers
Unlike most fruits, coffee cherries don't rush their development. It takes about six to eight months for the cherries to ripen fully after flowering. The cherry changes color from green to a deep, luscious red as it matures, indicating it's ready to be picked.
Fact #5: Nutrient Cycle
The coffee plant has a specific nutrient cycle that it relies on for healthy growth. Throughout its life, it absorbs essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus from the soil. A well-nourished coffee plant not only grows healthier but also produces better-tasting beans.
Fact #6: All About the Cherries
Each coffee cherry typically contains two coffee seeds or 'beans'. These beans are enveloped by the cherry's sweet pulp and encased in a protective parchment. However, in a case of natural mutation, you may find a single, rounded bean inside the cherry, popularly known as a 'peaberry'.
From the steep mountain slopes to the warmth of your cup, the journey of the coffee plant is as fascinating as its final, aromatic product. So, the next time you enjoy your coffee, spare a thought for the marvelous plant that makes it all possible.
Fact #7: Cherry Weight Reference
Select 10 ripe cherries for an average weight per cherry
Optional = 2g per ripe cherry (125,000 for a 100lb bag of green coffee)
Suboptional = 1.8g per ripe cherry (212,000 for a 100lb bag of green = 70% more cherry required).
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